What is Fentanyl?
Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is similar to morphine but is 50 to 100 times more potent. It is a prescription drug that is also made and used illegally. Like morphine, it is a medicine that is typically used to treat patients with severe pain, especially after surgery. It is also sometimes used to treat patients with chronic pain who are physically tolerant to other opioids.
In its prescription form, fentanyl is known by such names as Actiq®, Duragesic®, and Sublimaze®. Synthetic opioids, including fentanyl, are now the most common drugs involved in drug overdose deaths in the United States.
Risks of Fentanyl Addiction
- Rapid development of tolerance
- Risk of overdose
- Severe withdrawal symptoms
- Increased risk of other substance abuse
Illegal fentanyl is being mixed with other drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and MDMA, making it especially dangerous.
How Does Fentanyl Affect the Brain?
Fentanyl works by binding to the body's opioid receptors, found in areas of the brain that control pain and emotions. Its effects can include:
- Extreme happiness
- Drowsiness
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Constipation
- Sedation
- Problems breathing
- Unconsciousness
Can Fentanyl Use Lead to Addiction?
Yes, fentanyl is addictive due to its potency. Treatment options include:
- Medications: Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone.
- Counseling: Cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, motivational interviewing.
Resources for Help
If you or someone you know is struggling with fentanyl addiction, here are some helpful resources: